肾区域组织氧饱和度预测紫绀型患儿心脏手术后急性肾损伤的效果

目的探讨紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿心脏手术围术期肾区域组织氧饱和度(RrSO_2)对术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的预测价值。方法选取心肺转流(CPB)下接受心脏手术的紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿36例,男22例,女14例,年龄≤1岁,分别于气管插管后5 min(T_1)、升主动脉夹闭后5 min(T_2)、升主动脉开放后5 min(T_3)、CPB结束(T_4)、超滤结束(T_5)、CPB结束后3 h(T_6)、CPB结束后8 h(T_7)、CPB结束后24 h(T_8)记录MAP、RrSO_2、鼻咽温,同时抽取动脉血和中心静脉血进行血气分析,记录动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_2)、动脉血Hb、乳酸(Lac)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2),根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)诊断标准将患儿分为两组:急性肾损伤组(D组)和正常组(N组)。单因素分析两组患儿的临床资料,将不同时点MAP、RrSO_2、鼻咽温、Hb、SaO_2、Lac、ScvO_2值、有意义变量纳入二元Logistic回归分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析RrSO_2对AKI的预测价值。结果 T_3—T_6时D组RrSO_2明显低于N组(P0.01)。两组不同时点MAP、鼻咽温、SaO_2、Hb、Lac和ScvO_2差异无统计学意义。二元Logistic回归分析显示,T_3—T_6时RrSO_2是紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿心脏术后AKI的危险因素(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,T_3—T_6时RrSO_2临界值分别为60.2%、57.2%、55.0%、54.0%,敏感性分别为66.7%、83.3%、66.7%、83.3%,特异性分别为100%、92%、100%、75%,曲线下面积分别为0.896、0.861、0.792、0.840。结论 RrSO_2可作为紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿心脏AKI的一项无创预测指标。     

异常形态精子对植入前胚胎发育和妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨异常形态精子(畸形率≥98%)对植入前胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究,分析2017年1~12月在唐都医院妇产科生殖医学中心行ART助孕的2419例患者临床资料,根据异常形态精子分为3组,即IVF对照组(畸形率≤96%,n=2129)、IVF实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=90)和ICSI实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=200)。比较3组间植入前受精失败率(受精率<30%)、正常受精率、可用胚胎率等胚胎发育参数和着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率及活产率等妊娠结局的差异。结果(1)胚胎发育结果:组间比较,IVF实验组受精失败率显著高于IVF对照组(P<0.05),ICSI实验组的受精失败率为0;ICSI实验组正常受精率显著高于IVF对照组和IVF实验组(P<0.05);IVF实验组可用胚胎率显著低于IVF对照组和ICSI实验组(P<0.05)。(2)妊娠结局:单因素分析结果显示,与IVF对照组、ICSI实验组相比,IVF实验组的着床率、临床妊娠率、流产发生率和活产率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IVF对照组和ICSI实验组组间妊娠结局指标比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)Logistic多因素分析显示:IVF实验组的受精失败风险显著高于IVF对照组(P=0.002),可用胚胎率、活产率显著低于IVF对照组(P=0.002);ICSI实验组的正常受精率显著高于IVF对照组(P=0.05)。结论对于活力正常、但异常形态精子率≥98%的患者,采用ICSI授精方式,能降低受精失败风险,提高正常受精率和可用胚胎率,同时提高妊娠率和活产率并降低流产发生率。     

儿童心脏移植单中心临床分析

目的总结单中心儿童心脏移植关键技术和方法,为中国儿童心脏移植发展提供参考。 方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院心脏大血管外科2008年9月1日至2018年12月31日完成的47例儿童心脏移植临床资料,观察受者临床特征、手术相关指标、术后并发症和生存率。正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差( ±s)表示,非正态分布计量资料以中位数表示,计数资料以百分比表示。以全因死亡或再次移植为主要终点事件,运用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。 结果47例患儿心脏移植时年龄为(10.3±4.8)岁,男性24例,女性23例,体质量(32±15)kg,术前肺动脉压(33±12)mmHg。原发病包括：心肌病36例、复杂先天性心脏病9例和心脏肉瘤2例,4例患儿既往有心脏手术史。受者群体反应性抗体均<10%,供受者ABO血型相同39例,相容8例,供受者体质量比1.6±0.6。供心冷缺血时间为(330±115)min,其中24例冷缺血时间>6 h。采用双腔静脉法37例,双房法10例。术中体外循环时间(119±53)min,体外循环并行辅助时间(80±48) min。术后机械通气时间中位数32 h(13～1 250 h),ICU停留时间中位数7 d(5～11 d)。术后20例受者发生一种或以上并发症,包括心功能不全7例、心律失常5例、肾功能不全7例、排斥反应3例和血液系统并发症1例。受者术后3周时左心室射血分数为(67±5)%(57%～79%),46例受者顺利康复出院,1例术后59 d死于肺炎。截至2019年6月30日,46例受者平均随访时间(42±31)个月(6～129个月),术后1、3和5年生存率分别为95.74%、93.01%和93.01%。 结论心脏移植是治疗儿童终末期心脏病的有效方法。本中心儿童心脏移植术后近、中期生存率良好,建立了较为完整的儿童心脏移植技术流程,行之有效,值得借鉴。     

Modest rates and wide variation in timely access to repeat kidney transplantation in the United States

Success of transplantation is not limited to initial receipt of a donor organ. Many kidney transplant recipients experience graft loss following initial transplantation and the benefits of expedited placement on the waiting list and retransplantation extend to this population. Factors associated with access to repeat transplantation may be unique given experience with the transplant process and prior viability as a candidate. We examined the incidence, risk factors, secular changes, and center‐level variation of preemptive relisting or transplantation (PRLT) for kidney transplant recipients in the United States with graft failure (not due to death) using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 2007 to 2018 (n = 39 557). Overall incidence of PRLT was 15% and rates of relisting declined over time. Significantly lower PRLT was evident among patients who were African American and Hispanic, males, older, obese, publicly insured, had lower educational attainment, were diabetic, had longer dialysis time prior to initial transplant, shorter graft survival, longer distance to transplant center, and resided in distressed communities. There was significant variation in PRLT by center, median = 13%, 10th percentile = 6%, 90th percentile = 24%. Cumulatively, results indicate that despite prior access to transplantation, incidence of PRLT is modest with pronounced clinical, social, and center‐level sources of variation suggesting opportunities to improve preemptive care among patients with failing grafts.     

Treatment with 3‐aminobenzamide during ex vivo lung perfusion of damaged rat lungs reduces graft injury and dysfunction after transplantation

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with pharmacological reconditioning may increase donor lung utilization for transplantation (LTx). 3‐Aminobenzamide (3‐AB), an inhibitor of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), reduces ex vivo lung injury in rat lungs damaged by warm ischemia (WI). Here we determined the effects of 3‐AB reconditioning on graft outcome after LTx. Three groups of donor lungs were studied: Control (Ctrl): 1 hour WI + 3 hours cold ischemia (CI) + LTx; EVLP: 1 hour WI + 3 hours EVLP + LTx; EVLP + 3‐AB: 1 hour WI + 3 hours EVLP + 3‐AB (1 mg^.mL^?1) + LTx. Two hours after LTx, we determined lung graft compliance, edema, histology, neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), mRNA levels of adhesion molecules within the graft, as well as concentrations of interleukin‐6 and 10 (IL‐6, IL‐10) in BAL and plasma. 3‐AB reconditioning during EVLP improved compliance and reduced lung edema, neutrophil infiltration, and the expression of adhesion molecules within the transplanted lungs. 3‐AB also attenuated the IL‐6/IL‐10 ratio in BAL and plasma, supporting an improved balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators. Thus, 3‐AB reconditioning during EVLP of rat lung grafts damaged by WI markedly reduces inflammation, edema, and physiological deterioration after LTx, supporting the use of PARP inhibitors for the rehabilitation of damaged lungs during EVLP.